
Transforming biotechnology in the present
Stem cells are unique cells that can transform into different types of cells in the body and are found in various tissues. They have the potential to repair and renew damaged tissues, making them promising for various regenerative treatments in medicine.

Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells
Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells responsible for the continuous production of all mature blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These cells reside in umbilical cord blood and possess the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various hematopoietic lineages.
Self-Renewal: HSCs can divide to produce identical copies of themselves, maintaining a constant supply of stem cells throughout an individual’s life.
Multipotent Differentiation: They can differentiate into all blood cell lineages, both myeloid (red cells, platelets, granulocytes, monocytes) and lymphoid (B cells, T cells, and NK cells).
Quiescence and Activation: Under normal conditions, many HSCs remain in a state of quiescence (inactivity) to protect against depletion and genetic damage. However, they can activate in response to physiological needs, such as blood loss or infection, to increase blood cell production.
Clinical Importance:
HSCs are fundamental in regenerative medicine and the treatment of various hematologic diseases. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are used to reconstitute the hematopoietic system in patients with leukemia, lymphoma, and other bone marrow disorders. Additionally, studying these cells is essential to understanding and treating conditions such as aplastic anemia and immunodeficiencies.
Ongoing research on HSCs aims to optimize stem cell-based therapies and improve our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate hematopoiesis, with the goal of developing more effective and personalized treatments.
Where are they found?
In umbilical cord blood, these cells do not replace mesenchymal cells.
How are they obtained?
They are obtained from the blood contained in the umbilical cord at the time of birth.
What are their uses?
They are used in the treatment of more than 84 serious diseases, such as leukemia, lymphoma, anemia, and some combined immunodeficiencies.
Treatable Diseases
Leukemias:
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
• Plasma Cell Leukemia
Lymphomas:
• T-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
• B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (non-Burkitt)
• Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
• Burkitt Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Non-Lymphoblastic Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
• Mantle Cell Lymphoma
• Follicular Lymphoma
• Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
• Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma
• Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
• Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
• Hodgkin’s Disease
Other Malignant Hematologic Diseases:
• Multiple Myeloma
• Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
• Myelodysplastic Syndromes
• Myelofibrosis
• Amyloidosis
Other Plasma Cell Disorders:
• AL Amyloidosis
• POEMS Syndrome
Non-Malignant Hematologic Diseases:
• Thalassemia
• Sickle Cell Anemia
• Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria (Gunther Disease)
• Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia
• Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
• Severe Platelet Function Disorders
Bone Marrow Failure:
• Acquired Aplastic Anemia
• Severe Congenital Neutropenia
• Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome
• Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia
• Monocytopenias
• Fanconi Anemia
• Dyskeratosis Congenita
• Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
• Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
Immunodeficiencies:
• Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
• Omenn Syndrome
• DiGeorge Syndrome
• Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome
• Other Combined Immunodeficiencies
• Common Variable Immunodeficiency
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Hypogammaglobulinemia
• Hemophagocytic Disorders
• Griscelli Syndrome Type 2
• Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
• Lymphoproliferative Disorders
• IPEX Syndrome
• Immunodeficiency with Multiple Intestinal Atresia
• Phagocytic Cell Disorders
• Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome
Inborn Errors of Metabolism:
• Mucopolysaccharidosis
• Hurler Syndrome
• Scheie Syndrome
• Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome
• X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
• Krabbe Disease
• Infantile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
• Juvenile Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
• Late-Onset Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
• Alpha-Mannosidosis
• Aspartylglucosaminuria
• Osteopetrosis
Solid Tumors:
• Ewing Sarcoma
• Neuroblastoma
• Germ Cell Tumor
• Soft Tissue Sarcoma
• Retinoblastoma
• Wilms Tumor
Autoimmune Diseases:
• Severe Multiple Sclerosis
• Refractory Immune Cytopenias
• Juvenile Inflammatory Arthritis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Still’s Disease
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Systemic Sclerosis
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
• Optic Neuritis
• Systemic Vasculitis
• Dermatomyositis-Polymyositis
• Crohn’s Disease
Other Diseases:
• Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
• Immune Cytopenias
• Evans Syndrome
• Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Depending on the disease stage, patient characteristics, and treatment response, hematopoietic cell transplants from bone marrow or umbilical cord blood may be considered. For certain diseases, indications exist for both autologous and allogeneic transplants.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Umbilical Cord Blood Tissue Stem Cells
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) derived from umbilical cord tissue are multipotent progenitor cells capable of differentiating into various cell types, such as osteocytes (bone), chondrocytes (cartilage), and adipocytes (fat). These cells are primarily isolated from Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous matrix surrounding the blood vessels in the umbilical cord.
Key Characteristics:
Multipotency: MSCs can differentiate into multiple mesodermal cell lineages, making them valuable in regenerative medicine.
Immunomodulatory Properties: MSCs have the ability to modulate the immune response, which is beneficial in treating autoimmune diseases and preventing rejection in transplants.
Low Immunogenicity: They exhibit low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, reducing the risk of immune rejection in allogeneic therapies.
High Proliferative Capacity: MSCs demonstrate a remarkable ability to expand in vitro, enabling the production of large quantities of cells for clinical applications.
Where are they found?
Tissue cells are found in umbilical cord tissue and Wharton's jelly. They do not replace hematopoietic cells. Tissue cells have potential uses for various cellular therapies that are still in the research phase.
How are they obtained?
They are obtained from the tissue that forms the umbilical cord at the time of birth.
What are their uses?
Bone repair, cartilage tissue, damaged connective tissue. Future treatments: spinal cord injuries and strokes.
Treatable Diseases
Umbilical Cord Tissue Mesenchymal Cells
• Autism
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Severe Dermatitis
• Osteoarthritis
• Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
• Type II Diabetes
• Myocardial Ischemia
• Becker Muscular Dystrophy
• Liver Failure
• Diabetic Foot Ulcers
• Crohn’s Disease
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Pediatric Cerebral Palsy
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy
• Chronic Lower Limb Ulcers
• Heart Failure
• Retinitis Pigmentosa
• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
• Graft vs. Host Disease
• Acute Myocardial Infarction
• Traumatic Brain Injury
• Osteonecrosis
• Extensive Third-Degree Burns
• Intrauterine Adhesions
• Spinal Cord Injuries
Dental pulp
Mesenchymal stem cells from dental pulp (MSC-PD) are a type of multipotent, adult, and immature stem cells with myofibroblast morphology. These cells can differentiate into various cell types, including bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, skeletal tissue, and cardiac muscle.
Where are they found?
They are located in the dental pulp of baby teeth and wisdom teeth (third molars)
How are they obtained?
They are obtained from milk teeth and wisdom teeth, preferably from young patients, as there are no ethical restrictions on their collection. These cells remain alive and functional even after prolonged expansion.
What are their uses?
They are used to promote the formation of new blood vessels, modulate immune system responses, and promote regeneration by regulating scarring and inflammation. In addition, MSC-PD migrates to injured areas to enhance the body's natural regenerative processes and find applications in dentistry and bone regeneration. They also secrete growth factors related to regenerative processes, further expanding their therapeutic potential.
Fibroblasts
Fibroblasts are specialized cells of connective tissue that play an essential role in the repair and maintenance of tissue structure in the body. These cells are responsible for producing collagen and other proteins that form the extracellular matrix, providing support and structure to the skin, tendons, ligaments, and other organs.
In regenerative medicine and aesthetic treatments, fibroblasts are used for their ability to regenerate and repair tissues, especially in the skin, where they promote healing and improve elasticity and firmness. This makes fibroblasts a valuable tool in anti-aging therapies and treatments aimed at enhancing skin appearance.